Tree crop based agroforestry in Nigeria: a checklist of crops intercropped with cocoa

A survey of cocoa farmers in Bendel, Ogun, Ondo and Oyo States of Nigeria, carried out in 1985, showed that almost all the farmers intercropped other crops with cocoa. The intercrops included food crops such as plantain (92.3), cocoyam (85.7%), cassava (51.3%), yam (41.3%), maize (38.9%), melon (31.4%), cowpea (28.6%) and pineapple (26.0%) and tree crops such as oil palm (71.5%), kola (67.3%), coffee (41.0%), coconut (7.9%) and citrus (7.2%). Other crops are ewe-iran (Sarcophrynium brachystachys) and ewe-gbodogi (Megaphrynium macrostachyum) (45.2%), african walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) (42.2%), aligator pepper (Aframomum melegueta) (31.6%), and iyere (Piper guinense) (20.2%). Guava, mango, pawpaw and vegetables such as celosia, okra and solanum occur in cocoa plots at rather low frequencies. As many as six or more other crops can be intercropped with cocoa at the same time.     

超高效液相色谱法测定吡蚜酮在棉花和土壤中的残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-亲水色谱柱测定吡蚜酮在棉花和土壤中残留量的分析方法。样本在弱碱条件下采用分散固相萃取(QuEChERS)法进行前处理。结果表明:吡蚜酮在棉叶和棉籽中添加水平为0.05~0.50 mg/kg时,其平均回收率分别为76.9%~91.1%和76.4%~93.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.2%~8.2%和6.2%~9.8%;在土壤中添加水平为0.02~0.5 mg/kg时,平均回收率为83.8%~94.6%,RSD为5.3%~8.0%。在山东和河南两地按推荐剂量(有效成分30 g/hm2)和1.5倍推荐剂量(有效成分45 g/hm2)施用10%吡蚜酮·高效氯氟氰菊酯悬浮剂后4 d,吡蚜酮在土壤和棉叶中的残留量分别低于0.02和0.05 mg/kg;至收获时,其在土壤和棉籽中的最终残留量低于0.02和0.05 mg/kg。     

三华李橘小实蝇诱杀试验初报

测定了90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂3种食物诱剂和性诱剂不同处理方式对橘小实蝇的诱虫和防治效果。试验结果表明,90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂、性诱剂及对照诱杀橘小实蝇雌虫比率分别为39.7%、36.2%、22.9%、0%、1.2%; 90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂对橘小实蝇相对防治效果分别为87.50%、69.17%、43.33%、25.83%;“盛唐”食物诱剂能较好地控制橘小实蝇的为害。     

Analysis of three types of triterpenoids in tetraploid white birches (Betula platyphylla Suk.) and selection of plus trees

Betulin, oleanolic acid, and betulinic acid are naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoids that have significant medicinal value. Considerable amounts of these triterpenoids are available in the out...     

脱羧腰果壳液在涂料中的应用

采用天然植物油（脱羧腰果壳液）、己二异异氰酸酯和聚乙二醇在较温和的条件下反应，制得了水溶性的氨基甲酸酯加成物，以此和低醚化度甲醚三聚氰氨甲醚甲醛树脂制备了水性涂料。研究了配方和性能的关系，确定了最佳配方，产品性能为：D工0．56，冲击强度50kg.cm;附着力2级；柔性性0．5mm；耐100℃沸水合格。该工艺为腰果壳液的综合利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

乡村旅游饮食文化资源开发研究

乡村饮食文化资源包括各类食物及其加工制品和各种饮食礼俗,它有着丰富的类型,并具有满足基本生理需要、显著自然本色和突出地域特色等特征,在乡村旅游中有着重要的地位和开发价值。在进行乡村旅游饮食文化资源的深度开发时,要加强乡村饮食文化挖掘,保持乡村饮食的“自然本味”,突出乡村饮食的文化包装。     

厚壁轮枝菌摇瓶液体发酵培养的研究

厚壁轮枝菌对根结线虫虫卵有很强的寄生力,是线虫的生防菌,本文对其最适培养条件进行了研究.每12 h对其产孢情况进行跟踪,探讨了不同C、N源,初始pH值,无机盐对其产孢量的影响,确定了适宜的培养条件及发酵终止时间.结果显示,28 ℃下,在160 r·min-1 摇床上,以500 mL三角瓶200 mL的装量进行液体培养,筛选出的最佳复合培养基配方为:葡萄糖20 g·L-1,玉米粉20 g·L-1, 黄豆粉20 g·L-1,KH2PO4 0.5 g·L-1 ,MgSO4·7 H2O 0.5 g·L-1.最佳pH值范围5.0～7.0,最适发酵终止时间120～144 h.     

Transverse swelling behavior of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) revealed by the replica method

Transverse swelling and its anisotropy in hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) in several kinds of organic liquids and in water were investigated by means the replica method. There was more cross-sectional swelling of cell walls and cell wall thickness in earlywood than in latewood. Marked swelling toward cell lumens was observed in wood swollen in liquids that had higher swelling potentials than water. This suggests that the swelling of cell walls in these liquids is much greater than the external swelling. Feret's diameters of the cell lumens were reduced by swelling in all the observed cases except in the tangential direction of earlywood, suggesting that cell walls swell to a much less extent in width than in thickness. Deformation of cell shapes caused by the tensile force from the latewood were observed in the earlywood and in the transitional region from earlywood to latewood. When swollen in water, transverse swelling anisotropy caused only by the swelling in cell wall thickness were calculated to be 1.2 for the whole region over an annual ring and 1.4 for the earlywood. These values could not account for the external swelling anisotropy of 2.1. Considering obvious deformations of cell shapes in the earlywood and in the transitional region, we conclude that the interaction between earlywood and latewood is one of the prime factors contributing to the transverse swelling anisotropy of coniferous wood.Part of this report was presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Nagoya, April 1998     

Combined effects of water temperature and daily food availability period on the growth and survival of tench (Tinca tinca) larvae

A 16‐day experiment was designed to find the best combination of water temperature (27, 30, 33°C) and daily duration of food availability (12, 18, 24 h) for larval tench (Tinca tinca) growth and survival. Larvae with an initial mean size of 5.7 mm total length (TL) and 0.7 mg wet body weight (BW) were stocked at 15 L^?1. Larvae were fed in excess with live Artemia nauplii with the period of food availability lasting 12, 18 or 24 h daily. The largest final larval size was recorded at 27 and 30°C in groups fed for 24 h a day (17.7 and 17.9 mm TL, 76.1 and 77.7 mg BW, respectively). The combination of the highest temperature and the longest daily food availability was the only set of conditions under which final larval survival was affected (95.4% survival; 98.7–99.9% under all other conditions). The combination of water temperature of about 28.6°C and continuous food availability is recommended as the optimum combination for rearing T. tinca larvae under controlled conditions. Providing continuous food supply to fish larvae under aquaculture conditions was also advantageous in helping to mitigate the effects of slower growth relative to developmental progress, which can occur at high water temperatures. However, should one wish to limit the daily feeding period to 12 h per day, the use of a water temperature between 27.4 and 27.9°C would be the best solution.     

不同制剂处理对水稻秧苗素质的影响

盆栽试验结果显示,用漯效王1 000、1 200、1 500、2 000倍液浸种甬优12(籼粳杂交稻)和中浙优1号(籼型杂交稻)种子,2个水稻品种的种子发芽率、根长、胚芽长均与清水对照无明显差异。在不施化肥的情况下用漯效王喷施叶面,2个品种的株高、根长、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、叶绿素相对含量与清水对照也无明显差异。在对处理组施尿素后用漯效王喷施叶面,而对清水、普绿通、可杀得叁仟处理组只施尿素的情况下,漯效王处理的水稻株高、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、叶绿素相对含量明显优于清水对照、普绿通、可杀得叁仟处理。叶面喷施后14d,漯效王处理组各指标依旧优于对照组。综合试验结果表明,漯效王在与尿素配合施用的情况下能够达到促进肥效、抗虫、促进根部和植株生长、促进分蘖的作用,并且药效持久性好。